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6. Edit Mode, the Parameter Structure.

There are several ways of approaching Edit Mode. In the
SCORE program the various elements of a line of music are called
"Items". An Item may be a note, a rest, a clef, etc. Perhaps
the simplest way to get into Edit Mode is to type "I" followed by
the desired Item number. All Items are numbered internally in
the order in which they were entered into the computer. The
procedures followed in Chapter 1 caused the five-line staff to be
entered first. Hence, if you were to type I1 <cr> just after the
input to Example 1 had been completed, SCORE would then be made
ready to edit Item 1, the musical staff. For the next discussion
the SCORE program will be given a fresh start and Example 1 will
be recalled to the screen.

SCORE
<MS.MS TYPE FOR ITEM # 1> (program waits for input)
G EX1AA.XXX (Get back earlier work)

<EX1AA.XXX TYPE FOR ITEM # 43> (42 items read in, now
awaiting next command.)
I1 (ask to edit Item 1)

<STAFF> (the type of item and its parameter list)
<8 1 0 (4) 0 (5) 0.9>

<**** EDIT ITEM # 1> (awaiting some command re. Item 1)

You will notice on the display that an X appears just below
the left end of the staff. This cursor is a guide to show the
origin position (P3) of the Item currently controlled by Edit
Mode. The last typed lines on the screen give the parameter list
for the Item to be edited.

The first four parameters for every Item in SCORE have the
same attributes. P1 is the code number, P2 is the staff number,
P3 is the horizontal position, and P4 has to do with the vertical
position. All the higher parameter numbers will define different
characteristics depending on the particular type of Item. For
the Item currently under consideration P1 is an 8, the code
number which produces staff lines. (The SCORE Reference Manual
gives brief descriptions of the parameters for all Items.) P2 is
the staff number. Every Item in SCORE is attached to some
particular staff. If a note or clef were to appear on staff four
then P2 would be set to 4.

P3 refers the horizontal position of an Item. Several kinds
of Items (such as the staff) will have two horizontal positions;
a left side and a right side. These are often referred to as
position 1 (left) and position 2 (right) - or POS1 and POS2. P3
will be POS1 and P6 will be POS2. (This same will hold true for
slurs, beams, single lines, etc.) The SCORE display is

-------- SCORE 6 --------

arbitrarily divided up into 200 horizontal units. Normally the
staff lines will extend from 0 for POS1 (P3) to 200 for POS2
(P6). However in this example the parameter list stops with P5.
This means that all the higher parameters have zeros in them.
SCORE will often use certain default values when zeros are found.
Thus if P6 is left undefined, (0), in a code 8 Item, SCORE will
put the default value of 200 into P6 when the display is
generated.

When P4 is left at zero the staff will be located at its
"normal" vertical position, this position depending on the staff
number given in P2. When P2 = 1 the staff is at the bottom of
the screen; when P2 = 7 it is at the top. However the actual
vertical position of the staff will vary from the normal position
if P4 is non-zero. The horizontal space units are global, that
is, they apply to all the sixteen possible staff lines in exactly
the same way. This is necessary because a score may have various
staff sizes (i.e. vertical spacing between staff lines) but
require that horizontal alignment be maintained. However
vertical space units are local, that is, their particular size
may vary from staff to staff depending on the staff size factors.

The values given P4 will be thought of in terms of
scale steps. Thus the distance up from one staff line to the
line above is two steps. For many Items a 1 in P4 will mean that
it is in the position equivalent to a middle C (in the
treble clef). If a 4 were in P4 its position would be that of
the F above, an 8 would put the Item an octave above middle C.
You can see then that vertical positions going upward from 1 can
also be thought of in terms of the intervals of the C major
scale. (The position equivalent to G above the staff is 12, or
the interval of a 12th above middle C, etc.) However since our
diatonic interval system starts from 1 instead of 0 the SCORE
positions below 1 cannot be thought of quite the same way. The
postion for B below middle C is 0, A is -1, G is -2, etc.
(Please note that this postion system has nothing to do with the
clef used on the staff. Thus an Item on the bottom staff line is
always in vertical position 3 regardless of any clef which may
appear on the staff.)

Usually you will not want to change the vertical position of
the bottom staff (P2=1) since it is used for the basis of spacing
the upper staves. However staves 2 to 16 will frequently need to
be adjusted vertically. The "normal" postion of the bottom line
of staff 2 is 18 scale steps above the bottom line of staff 1.
The actual position of a staff can be changed by putting a number
in P4. If you wished to have staff 1 be 6 steps closer to
staff 1 then you would set P4 to -6, etc.

P5 is the size factor for a musical staff. (With most Items
where size factors apply P5 or P6 will be used.) If the
parameter list had not included a value for P5 it would have used

-------- SCORE 6 --------

the default value of 1. Size 1 is considered the normal size for
the spaces between the staff lines. In the present form of MS
this turns out to be a little larger than the staff lines used
for most editions of piano music. To approximate the piano music
standard P5 should be set to .9, or 90% of the MS norm. When
creating orchestral scores a much smaller staff size will be used
so that many staves can fit on a page. In this case since "size"
refers to the vertical space between individual staff lines, the
real value of P4 units is directly dependent on the given P5
value. With code 8, P5 determines the sλ_iλ_zλ_eλ_ of the vertical units
(or scale steps) and P4 determines the nλ_uλ_mλ_bλ_eλ_rλ_ of steps used as a
vertical offset. For example if you move a staff up eight steps
(P4=8) when P5=.5 it will move only half as far as it would if
P5=1.

When an Item is being edited the original form of the Item
is always left intact until the editing process is complete. To
demonstrate some aspects of editing technique the Item will first
be given a new staff number (P2) and a new size (P5). Parameters
are changed by simply typing the parameter number followed by the
new value to be given the parameter. Several pairs of numbers
can be given on a single edit line, thus changing several
parameters at once. Type as follows:

2 4 5 1

An edited form of Item 1 should now be near the center of
the screen (P2=4) and the size should be slightly larger (P5=1)
than the original staff at the bottom. Now type:

3 50 6 150

The left and right ends of the staff move toward the center
leaving the staff only half as long as the original. Now type:

4 7

The staff has moved to a position seven steps higher. The
same thing could have been accomplished by typing U7 (U=up).
Now type:

This means down 7. The number which is typed following a U
or D is retained in memory so that when any subsequent U or D is
entered with no following number, the last number entered will be
used for the up or down movement. Try moving the staff up and
down by typing U or D. (Of course all commands must include the
<RETURN> key.)

It is possible to change the values of both P3 and P6 (end
positions of the staff) at once by using the L (move to left) or

-------- SCORE 6 --------

R (move to right) commands. As with the up/down commands, these
commands are given rλ_eλ_lλ_aλ_tλ_iλ_vλ_eλ_ values. That is, the number given
will either be added to (R) or subtracted from (L) the current
values found in P3 and P6. Now if you type L10 the entire staff
will move 10 steps to the left, etc. Again, the number given
after the letter will be "sticky", it will remain in force until
another number is given. (The number stored for up/down is
completely independant of the left/right number.)

There are three ways to finish off the editing process.

1.) When an X (exit) is typed the original form of the Item
is replaced by the altered form and the MS program leaves
Edit Mode and is then ready for other commands.

2.) If <RETURN> is hit the same as above happens except that
you stay in Edit Mode and proceed to the next Item available for
editing.

3.) If a C (copy) is typed the original Item is left
unchanged and a copy, which includes all the editing, is added to
the Item list.

If X or C have been typed and you want to return immediately
to editing the same Item, you may type I with no following
number. Following an X, the Item number defaults to the one just
used. Following a C, the Item number defaults to the last one in
the list, i.e. the Item just created as a result of the C (copy).
Whenever you wish to edit the lλ_aλ_sλ_tλ_ Item entered (and you are not
already in Edit Mode) you may get to it by typing:

A simple <RETURN> resets an internal pointer to the end of
the Item list.

Deleting Items.

In order to delete single Items you must first get the item
attached to Edit Mode. The cursor (X) will appear below the Item
and its parameters will be printed out. Then when you are
certain it is Item you wish to delete you must type:

At this point you will nλ_oλ_tλ_ exit from Edit Mode unless this
proved to be the last Item entered. The Item will disappear from
the screen and the cursor will move on to the next Item. You
will notice that this next Item now has the same number as the
previous one had. When an Item is deleted from the list, all the

-------- SCORE 6 --------

higher numbered Items are shifted down by one to fill in the gap.
If no further editing is required, you should then type X. The
DE command will be ignored if any changes have been made to the
Item since it first was brought into the Edit Mode. If you
decide that you want to delete an Item after you have made some
changes, you must type X, then I (to get the Item back into Edit
Mode), then DE, and X. Conversely, the C (copy) command will not
work unless some changes hλ_aλ_vλ_eλ_ been made to the Item. If, for
some reason, you have become hopelessly confused in the middle of
an editing process, the best procedure is to make a copy of the
Item (in its confused state), then delete it, then go back to
editing the original item. Type as follows:

C (copy the garbled Item)
I (bring it back into Edit Mode)
DE (delete it)
X (exit from Edit Mode)
I n (n=the number of the original Item)

Sometimes when a copy is made you may wish to proceed to
editing the next, or some other item with a known number. This
may be done by adding an Item number after C. For example, if
you wished to make a copy of the staff currently in Edit Mode
(see above) and then begin editing the clef on the original
staff, you should type:

C2 (Item 1 is copied, Item 2 is brought into Edit Mode)

Now the cursor appears below the treble clef on staff 1.
The detailed parameter structures for this and all other Items
will be discussed in the following chapters. For now type X to
exit from Edit Mode.

Selective Edit Modes: ST, ED.

When there are many Items on the screen it may not be
convenient to locate Items by number. The process is facilitated
by the use of the ST and ED commands. ST helps to locate Items
by staff number while ED locates them by horizontal position.

The ST command uses the following format.

ST n1 n2

N1 will be a staff number and n2 a code number. (See the MS
Reference Manual for a list of code numbers.) If you wished to
edit several of the notes (code number 1) on staff 0 you would
type:

ST 1 1

-------- SCORE 6 --------

This means, "edit on staff 1 all Items with the code number
1." The cursor will appear under the first note that had been
entered earlier. At this point it is possible to step through
all the notes on staff 1 by just using the <RETURN> key. Beams,
slurs, rests, etc. will be skipped over because they are not
code 1 Items. Changes may be made to any of the notes during
this process. When you hit <RETURN> after the last note on the
staff has been indicated by the cursor the program will exit from
Edit Mode. This process can be used on any staff and with any
code number. At any time you can exit from ST Mode by hitting X
or C. The rules for the use of these letters hold the same as
given above. Also, just so long as no changes have been made to
the current Item indicated by the cursor, you may exit ST Mode by
going directly into one of the other Edit Modes by using I, ED,
or ST again with different numbers.

There are some other possibilities in the use of ST. If no
second number is given with this command all Items on the
indicated staff will become available for editing. Thus ST 5
would allow you to change all Items on staff 5. If any number
greater than 16 (the highest possible staff number) is given as
the second number then aλ_lλ_lλ_ staves are searched for the given code
number. ST 88 2 allows you to step through all rests (code 2)
that are on the screen.

While ST might be thought of as a horizontal search method,
the ED command does its search vertically. Following is the
format for ED.

ED n1 n2 n3

N2 and n3 may be omitted, but n1 must always be non-zero.
N1 represents the horizontal position of the Item you want to
edit. N2 is the staff number and n3 is the code number. When
you use this command a long vertical line will appear on the
screen at the position of n1 and the program will search to
within about three steps on either side of the line for the
proper Items to edit. If no n3 was given you may step through
all Items in proximity to the line by hitting the <RETURN> key.
If, for example, a 1 was given as the third number, only the
notes near the line would come into Edit Mode. If only n1 is
given the program assumes you want to look at all Items near
position n1 on staff 1. If n2 is greater than 16 then the search
is made vertically on all staves. For example, if you wanted to
correct notes on several staves that appeared at position 49.3
you could type ED 50 22 1. Now you would have available all
notes on the screen that fall within a vertical band whose center
is 50. If the 1 were omitted, all code numbers within that band
would come up for editing.

In order to facilitate the use of ED the spacing scale
should be put on the screen. This is done by typing SC followed

-------- SCORE 6 --------

by a staff number. If no number is given, staff 1 is assumed.
The spacing scale is made up of vertical and horizontal lines
with single digit numbers spaced at regular intervals. It will
appear immediately above whatever staff position that is given.

Example 19

Each of these intervals represents 10 horizontal space
units. Thus the 1 to the left is position 10, the 2 is position
20, etc. The 0 in the middle is position 100, the next 1 to the
right is position 110, etc. This spacing scale will never appear
in the hard-copy printout of your music. It may be moved to a
higher or lower position by typing SC again with some new staff
number. If you wish it to disappear altogether type SCX.

-------- SCORE 6 --------